Since Vietnam is a one party state, the provincial committee of the Communist Party is the most prominent organ of provincial governance. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Show sources information Two provinces border Cambodia. The density is rounded like presented here in the official census data; the data matches exactly with the area data from the 2018 area statistics if rounded to nearest integer. )consumption: 8,438,095,000 cubic meters (2019 est. )transmission/distribution losses: 15.479 billion kWh (2019 est. )biomass and waste: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Show publisher information source: World Bank 10Y 25Y 50Y MAX Chart Compare Export API Embed Vietnam GDP If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. (approximately $9.85 billion), information is limited and varied; estimated 450,000 active-duty troops (390,000 ground; 30,000 naval; 30,000 air); estimated 40,000 Border Defense Force and Coast Guard (2022), the PAVN is armed largely with weapons and equipment from Russia and the former Soviet Union; in recent years, Russia has remained the most important supplier of newer PAVN military equipment, but Vietnam has diversified arms purchases to include more than a dozen other countries including Israel, South Korea, Ukraine, and the US; Vietnam has a limited domestic defense industry (2022), 18-27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service for men and women (in practice only men are drafted); service obligation is between 24 (Army, Air Defense) and 36 (Navy and Air Force) months (2022), the PAVN is the military arm of the ruling Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) and responsible to the Central Military Commission (CMC), the highest party organ on military policy; the CMC is led by the CPV General Secretary (2023), the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; the number of reported incidents decreased from four in 2020 to one in 2021, Vietnam-Cambodia: Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities; issues include casinos built in Cambodia near the border, narcotics trafficking, trafficking of women and children, petrol smuggling, illegal logging, and illegal migration; progress on a joint development area with Cambodia is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands; in December 2021, leaders from the two countries agreed to fully complete the remaining border demarcation and the upgrading of border checkpoints, Vietnam-Cambodia-Laos: Cambodia and Laos protest Vietnamese squatters and armed encroachments along border; Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities, Vietnam-China: an estimated 300,000 Vietnamese refugees reside in China; the decade-long demarcation of the China-Vietnam land boundary was completed in 2009; small territorial exchanges were made during the demarcation; China occupies the Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; cross border trafficking in women and children and illegal wildlife trade are problems along this border; In December 2021, China tightened its border controls over COVID concerns, restricting an important trade route for Vietnam, Vietnam-Laos: Laos opened a strategically important international border crossing with Vietnam in 2021, which will shorten the distance for goods and people transiting between Thailand and Vietnam, stateless persons: 35,475 (2022); note - Vietnam's stateless ethnic Chinese Cambodian population dates to the 1970s when thousands of Cambodians fled to Vietnam to escape the Khmer Rouge and were no longer recognized as Cambodian citizens; Vietnamese women who gave up their citizenship to marry foreign men have found themselves stateless after divorcing and returning home to Vietnam; the government addressed this problem in 2009, and Vietnamese women are beginning to reclaim their citizenship, tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List Vietnam does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; efforts include providing trafficking victims the right to legal representation in judicial proceedings, increasing the amount of shelter time for victims by one month, providing financial support, continuing large-scale awareness campaigns in vulnerable communities and to workers going overseas, and training law enforcement; however, fewer victims were identified or assisted and procedures remained slow and ineffective; provincial officials unfamiliar with anti-trafficking law impede anti-trafficking efforts; labor recruitment firms extorted illegal high fees from workers looking for overseas employment putting them at risk for forced labor; no investigations, prosecutions, or convictions of officials complicit in trafficking offenses were made (2020)trafficking profile: human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Vietnam, and traffickers exploit Vietnamese abroad; Vietnamese men and women who migrate abroad for work may be subject to exploitation and illegally high fees from recruiters trapping them in debt bondage; traffickers subject victims to forced labor in construction, fishing, agriculture, mining, maritime industries, logging, and manufacturing, primarily in Taiwan, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Laos, Japan, and to a lesser extent, some parts of Europe and the UK; traffickers mislead Vietnamese women and children with fraudulent employment opportunities and sex traffick them to brothels on the borders of China, Cambodia, Laos, and elsewhere in Asia; traffickers use the Internet, gaming sites, and particularly social media to lure victims; domestic traffickers are sometimes family members or small-scale networks exploiting Vietnamese men, women, and children - including street children and children with disabilities - in forced labor as street beggars or in brick kilns and mines; child sex tourists from elsewhere in Asia and other countries exploit children; prisoners reportedly are forced to work in agriculture, manufacturing, and hazardous industries, such as cashew processing, transshipment point for transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) trafficking heroin, crystal methamphetamine, and ketamine throughout East Asia and the Pacific; approximately 90% of the illicit drugs in the country originate in Laos, Burma, and Thailand, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). During this period, Dai Viet expanded southward to the Central Highlands and Mekong Delta, reaching the approximate boundaries of modern-day Vietnam by the 1750s. ), dong (VND) per US dollar -23,159.783 (2021 est. Each province's GRDP is listed in both the national currency VND, and at nominal U.S. dollar values according to annual average exchange rates and according to purchasing power parity (PPP). )hydroelectricity: 25.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Vietnam was last recorded at 3409.02 US dollars in 2021. GDP and GRDP growth rates of 5 cities under the Central Government in 2021 Ha Noi's GRDP in 2021 is estimated to increase by 2.92% compared to 2020, lower than the growth rate of 4.18% in 2020. The monthly per capita income in urban areas is around VND5.54 million, about 1.6 times higher than that in rural areas (VND3.48 million). )methane emissions: 110.4 megatons (2020 est. ), number of registered air carriers: 5 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 224annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 47,049,671 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 481.37 million (2018) mt-km, total: 38over 3,047 m: 102,438 to 3,047 m: 61,524 to 2,437 m: 13914 to 1,523 m: 9 (2021), total: 71,524 to 2,437 m: 1914 to 1,523 m: 3under 914 m: 3 (2021), 72 km condensate, 398 km condensate/gas, 955 km gas, 128 km oil, 33 km oil/gas/water, 206 km refined products, 13 km water (2013), total: 2,600 km (2014)standard gauge: 178 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge; 253 km mixed gaugenarrow gauge: 2,169 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge, total: 195,468 km (2013)paved: 148,338 km (2013)unpaved: 47,130 km (2013), 47,130 km (2011) (30,831 km weight under 50 tons), total: 1,926by type: bulk carrier 116, container ship 41, general cargo 1,193, oil tanker 125, other 451 (2021), major seaport(s): Cam Pha Port, Da Nang, Haiphong, Phu My, Quy Nhoncontainer port(s) (TEUs): Saigon (7,956,133), Cai Mep (5,385,289), Haiphong (5,695,839) (2021)river port(s): Ho Chi Minh (Mekong), People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN; aka Vietnam People's Army, VPA): Ground Forces, Navy (includes naval infantry), Air Force and Air Defense, Border Defense Force, and Vietnam Coast Guard; Vietnam People's Public Security Ministry; Vietnam Civil Defense Force (2022)note 1: the Public Security Ministry is responsible for internal security and controls the national police, a special national security investigative agency, and other internal security units, including specialized riot police regimentsnote 2: the Vietnam Coast Guard was established in 1998 as the Vietnam Marine Police and renamed in 2013; Vietnam officially established a maritime self-defense force (civilian militia) in 2010 after the National Assembly passed the Law on Militia and Self-Defense Forces in 2009; the Vietnam Fisheries Resources Surveillance (VFRS), established in 2013, is responsible for patrolling, monitoring for fishing violations, and carrying out fishery inspections; it is armed, allowed to use force if necessary, and works in tandem with the Vietnam Coast Guard, 2.4% of GDP (2021 est. Vietnam GDP Value was 366 USD Billion in 2023. ), improved: urban: 99.2% of populationrural: 95.5% of populationtotal: 96.9% of populationunimproved: urban: 0.8% of populationrural: 4.5% of populationtotal: 3.1% of population (2020 est. )$10,500 (2020 est. ), production: 8,438,095,000 cubic meters (2019 est. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Vietnam was worth 366.14 billion US dollars in 2021, according to official data from the World Bank. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 23% (2014 est. Use Ask Statista Research Service. )imports: 55 million metric tons (2020 est. )from petroleum and other liquids: 67.775 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Provincial governments are subordinates to the central government. )other: 20.2% (2018 est. Materials on the Open Development Mekong (ODM) website and its accompanying database are compiled from publicly available documentation and provided without fee for general informational purposes only. )2.8% (2019 est.). )carbon dioxide emissions: 192.67 megatons (2016 est. kingdom and "nam" refers to its location in relation to other Viet kingdoms, name: Hanoi (Ha Noi)geographic coordinates: 21 02 N, 105 51 Etime difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: the city has had many names in its history going back to A.D. 1010 when it first became the capital of imperial Vietnam; in 1831, it received its current name of Ha Noi, meaning "between the rivers," which refers to its geographic location, 58 provinces (tinh, singular and plural) and 5 municipalities (thanh pho, singular and plural), provinces: An Giang, Bac Giang, Bac Kan, Bac Lieu, Bac Ninh, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Ben Tre, Binh Dinh, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Binh Thuan, Ca Mau, Cao Bang, Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Dien Bien, Dong Nai, Dong Thap, Gia Lai, Ha Giang, Ha Nam, Ha Tinh, Hai Duong, Hau Giang, Hoa Binh, Hung Yen, Khanh Hoa, Kien Giang, Kon Tum, Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Long An, Nam Dinh, Nghe An, Ninh Binh, Ninh Thuan, Phu Tho, Phu Yen, Quang Binh, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Soc Trang, Son La, Tay Ninh, Thai Binh, Thai Nguyen, Thanh Hoa, Thua Thien-Hue, Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, Tuyen Quang, Vinh Long, Vinh Phuc, Yen Bai, municipalities: Can Tho, Da Nang, Ha Noi (Hanoi), Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Independence Day (National Day), 2 September (1945), history: several previous; latest adopted 28 November 2013, effective 1 January 2014amendments: proposed by the president, by the National Assemblys Standing Committee, or by at least two thirds of the National Assembly membership; a decision to draft an amendment requires approval by at least a two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership, followed by the formation of a constitutional drafting committee to write a draft and collect citizens opinions; passage requires at least two-thirds majority of the Assembly membership; the Assembly can opt to conduct a referendum, civil law system; note - the civil code of 2005 reflects a European-style civil law, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Vietnamdual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: 5 years, chief of state: Interim President Vo Thi Anh XUAN (President Nguyen Xuan PHUC resigned on 17 January 2023)head of government: Prime Minister Pham Minh CHINH (since 26 July 2021)cabinet: Cabinet proposed by prime minister confirmed by the National Assembly and appointed by the presidentelections/appointments: president indirectly elected by National Assembly from among its members for a single 5-year term; prime minister recommended by the president and confirmed by National Assembly; deputy prime ministers confirmed by the National Assembly and appointed by the presidentelection results: 2021: Nguyen Xuan PHUC (CPV) elected president; Pham Minh CHINH (CPV) confirmed as prime minister2018: NGUYEN Phu TRONG (CPV) elected as president2016: NGUYEN Xuan PHUC (CPV) confirmed as prime ministernote: Nguyen Phu TRONG is the General Secretary of the Vietnam Communist Party, description: unicameral National Assembly or Quoc Hoi (500 seats - number following 2021 election - 499; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)elections: last held on 23 May 2021 (next to be held in spring 2026)election results: percent of vote in 2016 election by party -CPV 95.8%, non-party members 4.2%; seats by party - CPV 474, non-party CPV-approved 20, self-nominated 2; note - 494 candidates elected, 2 CPV candidates-elect were disqualified; composition - men 364, women 122, percent of women 26.6%, highest court(s): Supreme People's Court (consists of the chief justice and 13 judges)judge selection and term of office: chief justice elected by the National Assembly upon the recommendation of the president for a 5-year, renewable term; deputy chief justice appointed by the president from among the judges for a 5-year term; judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly for 5-year termssubordinate courts: High Courts (administrative, civil, criminal, economic, labor, family, juvenile); provincial courts; district courts; Military Court; note - the National Assembly Standing Committee can establish special tribunals upon the recommendation of the chief justice, Communist Party of Vietnam or CPV [General Secretary Nguyen Phu TRONG]note: other parties proscribed, ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Nguyen Quoc DUNG (since 19 April 2022)chancery: 1233 20th Street NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20036telephone: [1] (202) 861-0737FAX: [1] (202) 861-0917email address and website: vanphong@vietnamembassy.ushttp://vietnamembassy-usa.org/consulate(s) general: Houston, San Franciscoconsulate(s): New York, chief of mission: Ambassador Marc KNAPPER (since 11 February 2022)embassy: 7 Lang Ha Street, Hanoimailing address: 4550 Hanoi Place, Washington, DC 20521-4550telephone: [84] (24) 3850-5000FAX: [84] (24) 3850-5010email address and website: ACShanoi@state.govhttps://vn.usembassy.gov/consulate(s) general: Ho Chi Minh City, red field with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center; red symbolizes revolution and blood, the five-pointed star represents the five elements of the populace - peasants, workers, intellectuals, traders, and soldiers - that unite to build socialism, yellow, five-pointed star on red field; lotus blossom; national colors: red, yellow, name: "Tien quan ca" (The Song of the Marching Troops)lyrics/music: Nguyen Van CAOnote: adopted as the national anthem of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945; it became the national anthem of the unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976; although it consists of two verses, only the first is used as the official anthem, total World Heritage Sites: 8 (5 cultural, 2 natural, 1 mixed)selected World Heritage Site locales: Complex of Hu Monuments (c); Ha Long Bay (n); Hoi An Ancient Town (c); My Son Sanctuary (c); Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (n); Imperial Citadel of Thang Long - Hanoi (c); Citadel of the Ho Dynasty (c); Trang An Landscape Complex (m), lower middle-income socialist East Asian economy; rapid economic growth since i Mi reforms; strong investment and productivity growth; tourism and manufacturing hub; TPP signatory; declining poverty aside from ethnic minorities; systemic corruption, $1.036 trillion (2021 est.