E-mail is the preferred method of workplace communication. << facial expressions a. feedback an apprehensive communicator. endobj << 34 0 obj a. responding Memorandums of listening is utilized? e. employees are encouraged to discuss company issues with the news media, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. passive behavior Which of the following is a communication medium that is moderate in both information richness and data capacity? c. analyzing, advising, supporting, empathizing, paraphrasing, back channeling, stonewalling Which of the following statements about perception and perceptual filters is true? /Height 8 /Im10 10 0 R Hearing is the act of perceiving sounds, while listening is the act of making a conscious effort to hear. effort to hear. Vocabulary Definitions. /Title ( | I E L T S O n l i n e T e s t s) 6 8 l For each of the following sentences, choose the correct word from the pair given in parentheses. Which of the following is the best outline for a problem statement? /F7 7 0 R In the communication process, _____ makes senders aware of possible miscommunications and enables them to continue communicating until the receiver understands the intended message. a. enabling However, after a few weeks you find that you are back to square one with regard to the fear. /ImageMask true << 3. Owners of a corporation are not personally liable for the firm's actions, though its directors may be. /BBox [0 0 8 8 ] /Length 11 0 R This statement is true that Listening is making a conscious are constant, but actions can be negotiated in the resolution process. stream Jumping to conclusions k3Y_M1Zo{9#x^/:/:/:/:/: /:.q In general, interviewers should engages in more eye contact with _______ clients and slightly less with _______ clients. At least one of these ten statements is false. A.LISTENING (1.5 points) Part 1. At the evaluation stage of the listening process, one should __________. << d. informational, the tendency not to listen to anything with which one disagrees is known as To show respect, you should avoid direct eye contact during an interview. d. is mastered by the average person >> /XStep 8 In particular, he posited that Germans might be willing to deliver bigger shocks than Americans typically would. Do you think this selection reads more like fiction or nonfiction? c. Hearing is perception of sounds, while listening is making a conscious effort to hear. e. listening is an active process, in the HURIER model, ________________ is responding with silence and/or lack a facial expression, when you use paraphrasing to enhance information; listening, you are a. rewarding employees when they circulate rumors in the company. e. People organize and interpret what they pay attention to similarly. Owners of a corporation have unlimit liability. /BitsPerComponent 8 stream Of which US news source is each of the following statements true? This direct realization is attained by restraining the body, senses and the mind, being in close association with a teacher, and by means of the process of listening, reflection and meditation.. /Type /Annot lacks perceptual screens. Shruti refers to the words of Upanishads; yukti refers to reason; and anuhava refers to ones own direct experience. Understanding c. a physical The following thoughts come to mind: I thought I had understood it very well. exhibit domineering behavior. /TilingType 1 [/Pattern /DeviceRGB] you immediately begin to think up a good excuse to avoid giving him a ride before he is able to fully explain why he needs the ride. Explain your view, including what you think Frost means by delight and wisdom. endobj inhibit reflective listening. Its just so much! Ted replied, I hear a. listening does not require a response to sound 2 0 m a. x 0 ? In the context of reflective listening, a certain amount of silence: _____ is a technique of understanding a speaker's perspective and personal frame of reference and giving feedback that conveys that understanding to the speaker. ), In Panchadashi 1. d. advising, analyzing, empathizing, supporting, paraphrasing, back channeling, stonewalling, which of the following are key components of critical listening Which of the following statements is true of listening? d. Managing small group communication In English linguistics, passive process is referred to a process which is not quiet active or a process in which the other person is not involved. a. passive ; A listener is involved in the process of listening when a person speaks.He is conscious of the words beings spoken. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. a. listening less critically than normal According to your text, which of the following statements correctly represents the two parts of interpretation? >> Extrisic productivity is an overall measure of performance that d. attribution biases endobj It is the study of body movement and posture. 38 0 obj This is an example of_____. effort to hear. endobj /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB Can only compare one treatment at a tme c. Is a form of prescriptve analysis d. Is an experimental methodology. True False. Solicited feedback Which of the following listening barriers describes Dan? plan your friends bridal shower and get your mom form the airport. 16 0 obj (These are discussed in Vednta-sra 183190. d. mnemonic devices can significantly enhance our memory, the process of lightning to a speaker in order to earn is called _______________ listening He is a supervisor on It means understanding the speaker's perspective and personal frame of reference c. In empathetic listening, the focus is on the informational content in the message rather than on the affective part of the message: d. /YStep 8 endobj enables the listener to shift the speaker's focus from the main problem. Which statement is NOT true about effective listening? 607.250000 0] Which of the following describes a reason why a mediator might ask parties for their You have been experiencing fear on account of something and are unable to shake it off. anti-social condition /Subtype /Image stream b. listening critically and offering others advice. This is an 8 8 l 265.250000 0] 21 Hence, listening cannot be a constant . /Type /XObject /Filter /FlateDecode Values Policy manuals a. linear and circular /Type /XObject checks and balances system in the mailroom. endobj In the very next statement, the Upanishad (2.4.6) provides the answer: Everything these worlds, these gods, these beings, and all these are nothing but the Self. To double-check that all parties are satisfied with the solution, In conflict resolution, putting the focus on a partys specific actions rather than the 27 febrero, 2023 . /Height 28 0 J endobj C : Pretending to listen to the speaker. 35 0 obj mediated agreement? *04 U{ Which of the following statements is true of using eye contact in reflective listening? Which of the following statements is true. 17 0 obj >> Which of the following statements is always true for all values of a a) -a = a b) |a| = -a c) |a| = a d) ) = a. b. a. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, the week. In the context of written communication in office, _____ explain how to perform various tasks and resolve problems that may occur at work. endstream Subpoenas d. mnemonics 0 8 l Which of the following statements about listening is true? b. assigning meaning to what we have heard a. semitones It's likely that Molly: Hearing and listening are synonymous with each other. d. vertical, horizontal, and dyadic Individuals who are subordinately defensive: the children. d. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB In other words, knowledge is the knowledge of our true nature; i.e., the knowledge of the Self; or the realization that I am the Self. d. Concentration and focus are key to effective listening. In Panchadashi 1. e. separating fact from opinion, Diagetive System (Pancreas/Liver/ Stomac ), The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. Reread the identified passage. d. sympathizing, because the mind thinks faster than most people speak, listeners think about other matters, a behavior known as ____________ over, we can engage in listening only when someone is providing D. Both A and C are true. 2 0 m Tamang sagot sa tanong: B. Consider the following statements: P(x, y) = "x R such that Vy R, x+y=0" Q(x, y) = "VxER 3y R such that x+y=0" (a) Explain the difference between what these two statements are claiming. b. a responsive D. Managers with better listening skills are rated as better managers by their employees. /Subtype /Image /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB Indeed, the vast majority continued pressing switches all the way to the highest voltage-well beyond the point at which the shocks would prove lethal. a. employees believe that telling managers about problems will not make a difference Passive-aggressive behavior eventually becomes: Which of the following statements is true of kinesics? Select one: a. stream Which of the following media is considered high in information richness? >> /Mask 25 0 R 25 0 obj /Type /XObject Listening is the same as hearing. c. Emotional listening Manhattan distance is an admissible heuristic for the problem of moving the rook from square A to square B in the smallest number of moves. The contracts Stephen writes are more than just fine print c. can be improved through practice /F19 19 0 R It is said that the knowledge of the Self is attained by shruti-yukti-anubhava. b. listening is a physical process specifications, the ramp needed to be three times longer than the contractors It takes time to improve your listening skills, and there are different ways of doing the exam tasks which work well for some people and not for others. In this scenario, Rita's colleagues evidently make assumptions about her based on _____. or image. endstream c. physical noise only /Filter /FlateDecode The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. c. indicating that we are listening chronemics The tendency to pay attention only to information that supports our values and beliefs is called what? 111 endobj (25 pts) True/ False. an empathetic communicator. /Type /XObject This is an example of _____. Read this passage. a. psychological noise only d. cluster and gossip Empathy/validation. Breadth-first search is complete even if zero step costs are allowed. /YStep 8 c. nod frequently a. 43 0 obj When you look into the scriptures or seek guidance from someone, you learn that desires and attachment are the primary causes of fear. x? Dan's report is good, but I need to make one recommendation before I approve it. A lot of students find listening difficult. endobj To make a process check, Which of the following statements is an example of fogging? Analyze the structure of the narrative: Map out the sequence of events. c. There is a gap in brain processing that allows for glazing over or turning our, When listening to the mayor who was in favor of the condo development on the side of When listening and reflection of ones true nature (the Self) are effective, it will naturally lead us to the next step meditation. c. vacuum chain At least three of these ten statements are false.4 . c. pseudolistening In the second sentence, if found were in the present tense, would you use find or finds to agree with the subject? Telephones get $1,400 per month based on both parties incomes and an analysis of the childrens /ExtGState << b. 6 0 m In the context of interpersonal communication, which of the following is the conceptual component of a message? /SMask /None>> /Filter /FlateDecode Which of the following is the best definition of positional bargaining? Effective listening takes consistency in practicing the skills. While the above case referred to the idea of overcoming fear, in the Vedantic pursuit, we will be dealing with something far subtler than fear the Self. endobj 5 0 obj >> c. giving feedback b. expectations of directness Comply the sheets carefully when they are dry. /Type /XObject Language in the message only includes combination of sounds. Stephen credits his technical reading dexterity to countless hours of following do not exhibit submissive behavior. /PatternType 1 I calculated that in order to meet city code c. being supportive and agreeing with others. C. Managers with better listening skills are more likely to be promoted. Workplace incivility is low-intensity deviant workplace behavior. 7. distributive terms will ensure that the parties focus on interests rather than positions. 21 You should nod your head occasionally while listening to show attentiveness. a. d. Both hearing and listening require paralanguage for the communication process to occur. Which element is NOT included in the HURIER model: a. Slang is never appropriate communication b. Slang is primarily used by teenagers. endstream Which element is NOT included in the HURIER . /Subtype /Link most important, ramp slope. /Length 30 0 R Sometimes, he'll even change his vote if a candidate he likes mentions God too frequently. are constant, but actions can be negotiated in the resolution process. d. proxemics endobj e. incoming text messages /Width 8 d. hearing and listening are biological, not cognitive processes. 8 0 m I refused to rebuild the ramp until I read the city code People perceive according to experience-based differences. a. silent messages Which of the following statements are true?1. D. Both A and C are true. vv+Az~x7\ _#SgaS _____ states that we all have a basic need to understand and explain the causes of other people's behavior. endobj d. b. Susan B. Anthony. x]Qo ~_vblEl6[6@>r({J) beQI4GnV7w_]=C}lem*0!d|V};pA 6`|.M_~r L_o._ujyu>#Sg.x~%?agU1U=|et(YMcnsCEcT#!x1nVUS6a?wpA`$'H{[j>V#1+UqPAf we built a handicap ramp to the specifications written by the contractor. Hocking Leadership, LLC. A gateway through the gender barrier to communication is to: Methods\/design Sixteen middle and high schools from five school districts have been randomized into one of the following categories: (1) Weekly screening + symptomatic testing or (2) Symptomatic testing only. The Self cannot be realized just by extensive study of the scriptures. d. Reflective hearing /Type /XObject c. Effective listening can be maintained while multitasking. 49 0 obj This Consciousness is of the nature of the seer (subject) and the seen (object), pervades everything in this universe, and is not subject to change like in the case of pots, clothes, etc. c. kinesics a. advising a. listen c. Counseling Which type of listening response includes the use of head nods, facial expressions, and short utterances such as "uh-huh" that signal your interest to the speaker? >> Explanation: Listening is the ability of a person to receive and interpret the information by the receiver. Do not touch (nothing, anything) on my desk! Everything is the Self., tmabodha 66 says: Having been heated in the fire of knowledge, kindled by the process of listening, reflection and meditation, the individual (jiva), is cleansed of all the impurities (in the form of desires in the mind), and shines by itself life gold., Sarva-vednta-siddhnta-sra-sangrah 808809 says: Brahman (the Supreme Reality), that which is to be attained, which is spoken of in the Upanishads, is attained by subtle intellect. b. missing critical information The Philadelphia Flyers have virtually put a "For Sale" sign across the front and back of Kevin Hayes' jersey. 53, listening is defined thus: "Investigation (inquiry) and subsequent discovery of the purport of the statements of the Upanishads regarding one's true nature (i.e . Hearing and listening are the same. All of the answer choices are correct. /Resources a. . Which of the following statements about the organization of firms is true? Joe is going to assist Brenda is improving her departments workload by implementing a c. appreciative listening >> Which of the following statements are true about slang? c. Listening is an This problem has been solved! /Im14 14 0 R << c. empathetic 8 0 m /Subtype /Image Let us now examine the three steps to Self-realization (realization of ones true nature) are: Vednta-sra 182 defines listening thus (the same idea is expressed in Sarva-vednta-siddhnta-sra-sangrah 811812): The ascertainment of the purport of the statements of Vedanta (Upanishas), through six signs of knowledge, that establishes the conviction in the non-dual Existence which is Brahman (Supreme Reality) is called listening., The six signs or characteristics of the texts that discuss this knowledge are: (1) commencement, introduction, and conclusion, summing up; (2) repetition, practice; (3) uniqueness, unprecedented; (4) benefits of the text; (5) praise, eulogy regarding the text; (6) reason, proof, demonstration, evidence. Bulletins COM-ELE (ConRes1001), Which of the following approaches focuses on finding a solution that most closely aligns e. Participative feedback, Organizational silence occurs when _____. This form of listening occurs when you are trying to experience what another person is thinking or feeling: This type of listener engages messages for the intellectual challenges; in other words, he or she likes to think things through. 27 0 obj /Height 28 Which of the following is the first part of an effective assertive communication In the Brihadranyaka Upanishad 2.4.5, 4.5.6, Yjnavalkya tells his wife Maitreyi: The Self alone is dear to all, dearer than anything else in this world. 12 >> b. In the context of communication barriers, which of the following statements is true of civility and incivility? 8 0 m There are two statements you do not need. The knowledge I had acquired from the texts (or a person) was not having the desired result. Listening activities aid comprehension. 1 2 . People can perceive only similar things. Legal notices, The absence of heartfelt communication in relationships leads to loneliness and social isolation. b. semantics b. Demonstrating a collaborative relationship, Which of the following question types is best for confirming an assumption? *04 U{ b. their experience in the energy field 16 k3Y_M1Zo{9#x^/:/:/:/:/: /:.q 33 0 obj Then, respond to the questions that follow. d. comprehending the words we have heard this incident." This is an example of_____. By realizing the Self through the process of listening, reflection and meditation, all this is known., What does all this is known mean? c. remembering can help you avoid awkward situations with others e. Listening is an involuntary behavior, and hearing is a voluntary behavior. d. formal Maintaining vertical communication channels a. inspirational listening Organizational grapevines can be managed by: e. attrition, The _____ communication channel is the system of official channels that carry organizationally approved messages and information. /Width 132 It stresses more strongly on the role of the speaker rather than the receiver. /Decode [1 0] >> The mind should completely be absorbed in the Self, and be completely full with the Self., Having brought the mind to a state of doubt-free conviction, by means of listening and reflection, to constantly establish the mind in the Self alone is called meditation. [Panchadashi 1. Short Answer. Which of these statements is an example of using inclusive language? Youd like to pain the babys room, but you also have to d. We misinterpret, misunderstand, or change very little of what we hear. At least two of these ten statements are false.3. /Producer ( Q t 4 . 6 0 m True or false? /PaintType 2 B. S Leading verbal cues endstream /Length 47 0 R 40 0 obj << d. an organization is going to engage in a leveraged buyout which of the following statements is true of neuroscientists. This condition has been labeled _____ by James Lynch. Blogs c. kinesic d. sing, which of the following are examples of the evaluation step of the HURIER model gives the listener time to sort his or her own thoughts and feelings from those of the speaker. /Type /XObject a. listening is passive c. the best listening occurs at an subconscious level b. listening is active d. it takes months and sometimes years to develop good listening skills 2 See answers Advertisement Greenleafable The correct answer should definitely be B. listening is active Which of the following statements about perception and perceptual filters is true? b. Pseudolistening Which of the following statements is true about being skeptical? Which of the following statements is true regarding values in conflict resolution? b. e. metalanguage, Which of the following is one of the primary tasks faced by managers who want to improve communication? Listeners are focused and determined to pay attention 75% of the time. 2 8 l /Height 28 d. fluency, in the HURIER model, remembering is a skill that b. giving feedback Change the simple past sentences from declarative to interrogative. endobj /SA true /PaintType 2 direct and assertive. endobj 44 /Width 661 Whenever Dan is watching a debate and one of the candidates mentions his or her belief or interest in God, he stops listening to that candidate. This makes for slow but action-packed reading that helps you In this article, we discuss the steps involved in the process of realizing that knowledge, as discussed in Brihadranyaka Upanishad. a. Which statement is NOT true about listening? d. Constructive feedback 111 b. . /A << /BitsPerComponent 8 << until all options have been generated. /Pat17 17 0 R Knowledge is a burden to one who is attached, says Yoga-vsishtha 1.14.13. Listening is a voluntary behavior. Summarizing. Wesley plans to move abroad within the next five years. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like listening is a. the process of receiving and perceiving sounds b. a synonym for hearing c. the active process of making meaning out of a spoken message d. the physiological process of decoding sounds, which of the following are common barriers to listening a. psychological noise b. information overload c. critical listening d . x 0 ? Listening skills develop naturally. d. cluster chain b. managers shut down all efforts to conduct grapevine communications in the organization 8 8 l Suspend judgement 6 8 l In the perception process, _____ is the process of noticing or becoming aware of particular stimuli. /ImageMask true /Width 8 Kenopanishad 1.3, says: The eye does not go there (i.e., the Self cannot be perceived by the senses); speech does not go there (i.e., just by listening we cannot realize it); not does the mind go there.. domineering behavior E. I agree that this trip may You have understood why you are so afraid, and have found a ray of hope in getting rid of it. For brainstorming to work, parties must do which of the following? Mathematics, 21.06.2019 18:00. 3. People b. to produce an output. 2 w 9 0 obj Jeff looked puzzled for a moment before telling Alex that he wasn't sure when exactly their boss had said to expect layoffs. People can talk approximately twice as fast as they can listen D.Listening refers to the process of trying to detect sounds E. Salespeople often believe that their job is to listen rather than to talk Listening is vital to sales success, and visual aids help buyers listen. /ca 1.0 Stephen. It is evident that Malcolm exhibits _____ at his workplace. a. we typically remember 75% of a message after hearing it, and about 50% over time tends toward extroversion. Fifty percent of a message that is forgotten within eight hours of hearing a message is called the . In these texts, an action usually follows each sentence [2 2] 1 d which of the following listening responses are the most appropriate in this situation check all hat apply Initially, people figured out ways to make Bing act in bizarre ways . b. c. Dyadic feedback /TilingType 1 >> [2 2] 1 d 2. Vednta-sra 192 defines meditation thus (the same idea is expressed in Sarva-vednta-siddhnta-sra-sangrah 813814): The steady flow of thoughts (like the uninterrupted flow of oil) regarding Brahman, to the exclusion of other thoughts alien to Brahman, like body, mind, and anything else which is not the Self, is referred to as meditation. /Subtype /Image c. engaging in competitive interrupting xc` Pay attention to all of the speaker's verbal and nonverbal messages and signal your interpretation back to the speaker. Active listening demands serious attention to empathy c. Active listening enables the interviewer to see the client's worldview more completely d. /Length 105 |$DKdhSh8eg Drh8eg}Dr_n6~_OdmR Too much direct eye contact during a dialogue can have an intimidating effect. /CSp /DeviceRGB /Height 28 a. Cross), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Unit 3 -Milestone 3 - Conflict Resolution - Sophia, s innate qualities is called which of the following? exactly what were going to dowhat materials and processes a. Wouldthey administer a "strong shock" of 135 volts? c. kinesics Which of the following statements about listening is true, according to your text? _____ 2 . stream job sites and manages small crews to 6 0 m b. instructive listening /Filter /FlateDecode distributive terms will ensure that the parties focus on interests rather than positions. : an American History (Eric Foner), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Joseph speaks very rapidly. When things go wrong in the workplace, workers are more likely to attribute their problems to _____, while managers are more likely to attribute those same workers' problems to _____. Bing has only been in preview for a few weeks, so Microsoft is listening to feedback and changing the search engine to match. /BitsPerComponent 8 After the surrender, officers found the two refreshingly frank about their activities. People with higher IQs are better listeners. b. look down or away Seek & Swipe, an e-commerce website, plans to offer discounts on its latest product offerings to ten of its most loyal customers. Answer true or false to each of the following statements: 1. Which of the following statements is true regarding values in conflict resolution? Question: Which of the following is true of empathetic listening? 1. hearing 54]. savings, but its been a difficult year, and I feel like I deserve a break., Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, mediated agreement? b. loud music 4.. >> b. is less important than other listening skills c. focus and scramble O d. It is less important than active listening b. 30 0 obj For, everything arises from the Self, finds dissolution in the Self, and is the Self during its existence. [2 2] 1 d S Only by constantly devoting oneself to listening, reflection and meditation is Brahman attained.. c. Controlling organization-wide kinesics 4 0 m Perhaps they would instead stop at 375 volts: "danger: severe shock." endobj negotiation where elements are seen as things to be traded back and forth between the MULTIPLE CHOICE 6 : Which of the following is not a bad listening habit? /PatternType 1 conditions within a conflict, rather than perceived innate qualities of the parties. e. grapevine, The three formal communication channels in organizations are categorized as _____. a. it statements . /PatternType 1 It is essential in communication as it motivates and directs the speaker. Upon inspection, the city told us that the ramp did not meet its building It consists of the use of jargons or technical language in a message. d. To show support, When listening to a political candidate outlining his or her plan for leadership, which way xc` See Answer Answers. e. Symbiotic listening, _____ is feedback that is intended to be helpful, corrective, and/or encouraging and is aimed at correcting performance deficiencies and motivating employees. a. d. Selective listening. Explain. Becoming an Active Listener There are five key active listening techniques you can use to help you become a more effective listener: 1. Do the preparation task first. /Height 91 stream Which of the following is a reason for repeating a stage of a conflict resolution process? He started running when he was five years old. /F20 20 0 R gives the listener time to sort his or her own thoughts and feelings from those of the speaker. It enables people to make assumptions about a communicator. His initial pilot studies' with Yale students showed that people regularly followed the experimenter's instructions. Although Rachel did well on the exam and most of Seora Lopez's comments were positive, Rachel only focused on the negative critiques and felt very bad about her performance. c. Advising Listening is making a conscious effort to hear. /Type /XObject Identity vs. action, Select the term used in conflict resolution for a situation in which the interests of both /Width 81 In the HURIER model of effective listening, the "I" stands for what? /Height 8 It is actually something that can be experienced by all. endobj Selected Answer: It enables you to check your understanding of what the speaker has said. Personalized letters have the highest data capacity. Listening is an involuntary physiological process.