jyp blackface performance jyp blackface performance

FILE - This 1920s image shows comedian Eddie Cantor wearing blackface while performing "If You Knew Susie." On how JYP looked down on Jay B's own songs and skills and also how the members viewed JYP. 6. weird vibes. Similar controversies have arisen in other countries. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. He reminds me of Lou Pearlman who was the Backstreet Boys and *NSYNCs manager back in the day. All Rights Reserved. Here are some issues with JYP as a person and as a company, Like the comments stated, obvious use of blackface, Alleged physical abuse of a boy group, I believe 2PM/TVXQ, Lack of proper care of groups under the company (see issues with GOT7 and DAY6), While he has taken a creative backseat, under his control JYPE was allegedly overworking their idols to the point of exhaustion sickness and putting them on starvation diets to lose weight. Blackface white actors in black make-up, perpetuating over-the-top stereotypes of African Americans was traditional in theater and the movies in the days of segregation. GOT7 member Jackson was blasted online after uploading a blackface photo of himself on his Instagram, inciting criticism for the posting soon after. Ikran Dahir is a reporter for BuzzFeed News and is based in London. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Weirdly, by the time we get to the 80s, it comes back. Press J to jump to the feed. When I asked teachers and other parents, no one though it was an issue. If you enjoyed the videos, please click on likes \u0026 share button. Video clips of J.Y.Park-Elevator from KPOP Music Awards 2015 MAMA Watch more video clips on MAMA 2015 Kpop playlist: http://bit.ly/MAMA2015-KPOP-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MAMA 2015The greates K-pop music festival in Asia. I feel like the birth of Blackface minstrelsy as a genre is the 19th century. In 2010, Mexican media conglomerate Televisa drew criticism for hiring actors in blackface for a popular morning program during the World Cup. Can't just blame it on the company imo . Blackface with no repercussion is unacceptable. The photo shows two people: one in blackface and one wearing a Ku Klux Klan hood and robe. Vereen has said he was promised that both parts would be shown and that he was sabotaged by the network.. Thats important as a foundation for what allows people to believe in their own white innocence. in /nfs/c05/h04/mnt/113983/domains/toragrafix.com/html/wp-content . Back in April of last year, Stray Kids ' leader Bang Chan faced backlash from fans regarding his hairstyle. He was making a recommendation so she wouldnt have to face backlash if she got into the team. Vereens intent was a tribute to legendary black vaudevillian Bert Williams, who was forced to wear blackface to stay employed. Vereen, who at the time was one of the nations top black actors, faced an immediate backlash from African-American fans for what they saw as buffoonery. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. You guys are simping for him as if he feeds you bread. Ramn Rivero was an immensely popular blackface performer in mid-twentieth-century Puerto Rico known for his character-turned-persona, Diplo. great white shark population graph; clarence gilyard net worth 2020 Calling artist racist because of their stage is as stupid as calling actors racist because they cosplay other culture in movie in my opinion (it works for gender and any other "sensitive" topic). Armie Hammer and Timothe Chalamet Cannibalism Joke Draws Groans at Independent Spirit Awards, Sony Pictures Wins Sisters My Ex-Friends Wedding With Ariana DeBose, Chloe Fineman, Amanda Seyfried, Meg Stalter (EXCLUSIVE), APA Names Nick Panella Head of New Podcast and Audio Group (EXCLUSIVE), Michelle Yeoh Says Hollywood Questioned If I Even Spoke English After 1997 Bond Film: I Didnt Work for Two Years Due to Stereotype, Jonathan Majors Confronts Those Terrible Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania Reviews: It Doesnt Change How I See Myself, New Alien Movie Starts Filming in March, Reveals Cryptic Synopsis and Full Cast, Why Sylvester Stallone Is Not in 'Creed 3', Tom Sizemore, Saving Private Ryan Actor, Dies at 61, Reality TV Star Stephen Bear Jailed for 21 Months Over OnlyFans Sex Video, 21 Best Movies New to Streaming in March: Murder Mystery 2, Triangle of Sadness and More, Diego Luna Is Grateful Andor Will End After Season 2: Its Really Important for My Mental Health, Chris Rock Shreds Will Smith With Slap Jokes:Everybody Called Him a B- And Whos He Hit? In fact, the Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation in the South took their name from a character played by blackface performer Thomas Dartmouth Rice. what in the world. didn't even know this existed. It dawned on me that white privilege meant this principal didnt feel he had to know this history. A place to ask your K-Pop questions. the way he sexualized them (trainees ) some people say it's his character, no. White men would darken their faces to create caricatures of black people, including large mouths, lips and eyes, woolly hair and coal-black skin. No jyp himself has over sexualized minors too. The book is an exploration on that. "Black face, cabbage leaf skirt, painted big lips, how does it not click in your heads that this would upset someone? Ser possvel que vamos precisar mandar um caminho pra frente da jyp igual fizeram com o da Tzuyu? Since the middle ages, when there have been devilish characters in religious plays, and then non-religious works in Shakespeares time where they had tons of Africans and Moors and Turks all performed with racial prosthetics. Corp ALL RIGHTS RESERVED It's 2015. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Thats important as a foundation for what allows people to believe in their own white innocence. we should not generalize that. Like could you actually survive 1 week only eating ice. KARD add more cities to their concert tour in America! Hemispheric blackface is grounded in two fundamental claims in performance studies: the first is that performances are acts of transfer ( Taylor 2007) that produce and transmit knowledge through "twice-behaved" behavior or restored behavior ( Schechner 1985 ). Id believe it, honestly JYP seemed to be running a tight ship at the time with plenty of other mental and emotional abuse/strict dieting going on, so why wouldnt he be beating them? IKR, anybody that's been a kpop fan already knew about this shit. Almost dropped my phone. Neuro spine Super Speciality Clinic - Above Apollo Pharmacy, Bangarpet Circle, Kolar - Bangarpet Road, Kolar Town. After seeing the comments, Jackson personally made several apologies to fans, writing in another post [Squirtle post],Im really really sorry if I offended anybody. Sad; it gives you a perspective of how you will be treated in SK as a foreingner, this wasn't in 1850 yikes, hope he learned something from this. While the Momoiro Clover Z and Rats & Star blackface performance is a terrible thing overall, we feel the slightest sliver of hope at the steadily growing blacklash. Discover unique things to do, places to eat, and sights to see in the best destinations around the world with Bring Me! I think the real "racist" people is the one who see black people is different from others. JYP even made a speech live on tv to talk about race issues in Korea when Lee Michelle was eliminated on Kpop Star. 10 Unfortunate Incidents of Blackface in Korea 1. A recent blackface incident at a Miami preschool underscores the persistence of anti-Blackness in South Florida's Latin communities, according to a professor who studies Cuba and the African diaspora at Florida International University. Search, watch, and cook every single Tasty recipe and video ever - all in one place! he's not a good person by any margin but out of the big 3 he's the best by far, He is faaar worse than he markets himself to be. This being said the way Jay Park talked about it made me wanna punch him in the face because he then proceeded to joke about how but I never got hit because I was good at dancing and laughed ._. I really dont like artists/idols who promote self love (not just itzy but any artist in general) when they clearly try to fit the beauty standards. Weve got hundreds of years of Black characters in performance being a white property. edit: 7. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. His almost obsessive need to insert himself into the groups songs, specifically girl groups releases. Yeah you can kind of tell who dislikes him because of something he has done, and the ones who hate him because its in right now, JYP was very involved when forming Wonder Girls, and they were sexualized at a young age. Because thats a hard climb. All of this happened in the 21st century. Me, Britain's $4 Billion Boss: ITV Chief Carolyn McCall Bets It All on Talent, 2023 Music Festivals: How to Buy Tickets to Coachella, Governors Ball, Lollapalooza and More. ya'll know that ITZY is promoting self love right? This topic is now archived and is closed to further replies. I also found this thread from 2 years ago on this same subreddit that has more comprehensive answers. So many have done it it's hard to keep up with. So yeah. Weve killed Blackface several times in our history, but it keeps coming back to life because of this unwillingness to have it be our collective history. Dont know why mangers and jyp couldnt see that. In some cases, historical means the minstrels of 19th century theater, silent films, or the more recent history of satire like Robert Downey Jr.s 2008 film Tropic Thunder, which has aged horribly in a Hollywood landscape that demands sensitive and authentic portrayals, regardless of genre. And lets not even to get into Tropic Thunder and Zoolander., There was a desire by comedians. Fuck You!! 3. one trainee in nizi was straight up body shamed too it wasn't really constructive at all. Shouldn't the dancer being put on make up in black? MAMAMOO made the unfortunate mistake of parodying Bruno Mar's "Uptown Funk You Up" in blackface for one of their concert performances. I sorta discovered that when jyp released his MV still alive. Since the middle ages, when there have been devilish characters in religious plays, and then non-religious works in Shakespeares time where they. -1 Likes, 0 Comments - mc (@mc_limjisoo) on Instagram: "KEY ANG haesunggroup key ang performance photo time #mc # # #jyp" I think that was such a wasted opportunity to bring back that "twice" group shout. Also, he basically told everyone if I remember correctly, that they needed to have a healthy diet and to take care, so he wasnt body shaming anyone really, 4- This one I agree. The image generated intense pressure for Northam to resign and offered the latest example of a prominent white person facing harsh criticism for wearing blackface. Again I dont really think that changes anything but I just thought Id put it out there. The group p. Civil rights organizations have publicly condemned blackface for decades, saying it dehumanizes blacks by introducing and reinforcing racial stereotypes. Even in middle-nineties, most Asian countries had little knowledge of Afro-American culture beyond radio and bits of music programs on national broadcasts - to judge our parents' era by the measure of information we have now due to so many books and internet and cable channels i undestand what you were trying to say but i don't get the reference. if you think an opinion is popular that a lot of people will agree with then downvote it. Yesung couldn't be any more wrong for using blackface for his cosplay of Nick Fury. A Miami daycare is facing backlash after they put toddlers in blackface for Black History Month. Weirdly, by the time we get to the 80s, it comes back. I hope this book is the last book about this. G-Dragon turned heads with his alleged tribute post on Instagram to victim Trayvon Martin. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns. This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. Good lord that's indefensible. It lives a long time well into the 20th century even the BBC had a minstrel show that was on primetime until 1978. Id say a few idols like hwasa, jessi (hers is borderline black fishing but thats another story) cant think of anymore but yhhh they really exude confidence in themselves and I hope they dont change. Add that to the history of JYPE's treatment of groups and JYPs own history, you get a somewhat unsavory image. The performance during state broadcaster. I do ask, are Black and brown people not as innocent because we dont presume that this is a performance mode that is open to us? JavaScript is disabled. A letter to the editor in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette from 1946 called a blackface performance grotesque and said it attacked by ridicule and cheap buffoonery the self-respect of every American Negro. The letter was written by a state lawmaker, the Inter-Racial Action Council, the Inter-Denominational Ministers Alliance and the publisher of The Pittsburgh Courier. White men would darken their faces to create caricatures of black people, including large mouths, lips and eyes, woolly hair and coal-black skin. And yet, surprisingly, one finds among some of the most revolutionary Afrocentric artists, critics, and activists of the time a complex, nuanced, even contradictory attitude towards "blacking up.". Kiss kiss BAM!, A post shared by Jackson Wang (@jacksonwang852g7) on Mar 15, 2015 at 3:50pm PDT, A post shared by Jackson Wang (@jacksonwang852g7). That would never have occurred to him or to me. Even Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd blacked up. Blackface performers, he said, have stolen from us a complexion denied to them by nature to make money and pander to the corrupt taste of their white fellow-citizens.. He does over sexualize them. July 6th, 2020. It would be nice if there was someone to say, We should talk about this. Perhaps the Academy could sponsor a book club or something. She recalls the comic's performance in the comedy series, El Negrito y El Gallego (Blackie and the Spaniard), which . This idea that you can celebrate Black culture, Black heroes, identities by putting on Black makeup. When a spectator at January's Australian Open painted her face in an intended show of support for Serena Williams, she inadvertently captured the essence of Australia's long-running problem with. Mnet Asian Music Awards.Not only is MAMA simultaneously broadcast in 4 continents, including Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania, it is a global K-pop music festival that brings global K-pop fans together and enables them to communicate beyond the TV screen, through online, mobile and various other platforms.Subscribe Now! Poor Hyuna, Suzy and all the other members. Contact Ikran Dahir at ikran.dahir@buzzfeed.com. From its outset blackface was performed by white, mostly male northern performers who crossed racial and gender boundaries by mimicking African Americans (e.g., they would wear bright red lipstick, darken their faces with coal-black make-up, exaggerate their facial expressions, and cross dress) in order to entertain audiences with the supposedly Press J to jump to the feed. Hes done some very questionable stuff like the r Kelly thing, doing performances with backup dancers in blackface, and over sexualizing minors (this one is the company but I mean his name is attached for a reason). i'm tired of people digging this 20y old performance and doing the anachronism of judging by today standard of their country just reiterating what i said the last time: Blackface in Korea in the 90s was a non issue and not perceived as offensive but like just a cosplay in the same way Katy Perry cosplaying a gaisha or Beyonce cosplaying indians (and so on and so on). Associated Press writers Russell Contreras in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Terry Tang in Phoenix contributed to this report. So many have done it its hard to keep up with. Many fans and followers reacted negatively to the post,expressing their disappointment at his choice to repost the fan-edited photo on his Instagram. people either seem to make him out to be a monster or a perfect angel no inbetweens. RT @lippluvs9: Nayeon prometeu melody project de Hello e at hoje nada, Momo prometeu o 2 performance project e at hoje nada, Jeongyeong prometeu o melody tambm e at agora nada. He doesnt sexualize idols (or trainees as Ive seen other people point out), at least that Im aware of. And I take it seriously that this is our shared American history. Humans can survive 1 month without food, one week is totally possible. Real people. All in all, JYP has what people considered a weird overbearing presence amongst his groups that made people uncomfortable and didn't fit what a CEO typically is. Sometimes the employer would narrow the selection by picking the people with a certain GPA or degree. You really saw it hugely right before and right after Barack Obamas election. Meet your favorite KPOP artist and watch how they performed at KPOP Music concert MAMA 2015.Who won the best KPOP artist on the largest KPOP world festival \u0026 KPOP award - MAMA 2015?Watch your KPOP idols' live performance rocking the stage! - Play 270+ songs from JYP ENTERTAINMENT's artists! So many perfectly talented groups that could make some great music, but are just forgotten. The history of blackface is long and complex, and deeply ingrained in our culture - in vaudeville and minstrel shows and in movies. You really saw it hugely right before and right after Barack Obamas election. Opinion | A Brief Guide to 21st-Century Blackface - The New York Times. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. The Youtube video of the show is now unavailable, and according to Yonhap News SBS issued an apology for any "inconvenience" to its viewers. Not that it matters or makes anything ok but I would like to point out that jyp has always been obsessed with black culture especially when it comes to music. Dozens of other whites, including college fraternities and sororities, public officials and law enforcement officers, have also been criticized for blackface incidents. Perhaps the competing factor is weight. JYP gives me weird vibes like fr. JYP was very involved when forming Wonder Girls, and they were sexualized at a young age. Conversations about Blackface, when white people darken their skin . I personally dont like him because of how he treated Jay B and the rest of Got7. Actor Ted Danson was accused of being racist and tasteless for performing a skit in blackface, using the N-word and joking about his sex life with then-girlfriend Whoopi Goldberg, who is black, at Goldbergs Friars Club roast in 1993. But its not always about decades or centuries ago. People didn't find the segment funny at all. He died in a plane crash the next year, but won the Senate seat anyway. When I approached the principal, he thought I was insane. He over sexualises women 24/7 like watch a single music video of his . NBC 6's Ryan Nelson reports Make your favorite artist the best K-POP Star with SUPERSTAR JYPNATION! ambulance tailgate conversion Courtesy Images. That would be the ultimate goal. Fans were not happy when Big Bang's Taeyang celebrated the year of the monkey using a popular Snapchat filter with American rapper Kanye West's face. If so it would be the GP putting down girl groups for their weight, and then Itzy are basically telling them to shut up, 6- I have seen this opinion a lot. But if you call an artist trash because of that call them all trash (hair, makeup culture, clothes, behavior, accent you can go very far and blaming 99% of artists at this rate). 28 Feb 2023 20:12:10 The ones in wonder girls that were of age got the outfit the covered their whole bodies. The Cosby Show was huge and there was a feeling of, Were so over all the problems. This was also when neo-cons had started celebrating that they embraced a colorblind approach to the world which was, We no longer have to see, talk or think about race because were all equal. Then you see this flare up of Blackface. he also sexualizes young idols- but he's still far from YG. An employee of JYP Entertainment has recently bashed on YG Entertainment after the scandals surrounding the agency's former idol SeungRi. . Powered by Invision Community. I wasnt even thinking about about what you guys were talking about until I saw the comments. we know this kpop industry shady af and every company want to make PROFIT, JY Park is Creepy. Ageism is rampant in kpop communities. A leading television station in Peru was fined $26,000 for airing the popular comedy character Negro Mama on an entertainment show in 2013. Variety is a part of Penske Media Corporation. The yearbook name, Corks and Curls, referenced UVA student terminology for classroom and examination performance that dated back at least to the 1840s. Actor Lee Seo Won compares 'Music Bank' to coffee in 'Zenith Global x View'. That's the point you are doing an anachronism by judging this video on today standard of your culture. Something for everyone interested in hair, makeup, style, and body positivity. For 6 I totally agree. Netizens called her out on social media - particularly Facebook - for doing blackface. allkpop is a registered trademark of 6Theory Media, LLC. He let tzuyu do a sexy dance for a cf. They recognized that that was a harm, something actively harming the public because it was creating perceptions of smoking as either sexy or something you do when you need self care. that's sorta why there were people on the "still Alive" video with random fros, because the orignial proformances in the 90s did contain blackface. Being black, JYP is like one of the last Korean i would call racist. For example, William Henry Master Juba Lane is considered the single most influential performer in 19th century dance and is credited with inventing tap. And maybe in 20 years when it will be an absolute nono someone will make a thread about Wendy being such a trash because of that, http://www.allkpop.com/article/2014/11/internationals-netizens-criticize-red-velvets-wendy-for-her-impression-of-white-and-black-people. Restored behavior treats living behavior as strips of film that are revised and reworked. A Pink Bomi Recently, A Pink's Bomi was under fire for imitating a Korean cartoon character named Michol from a Korean children's television. This was something that had been taboo, and now theyre like, We want to see if we can do it! Since its clear that Im not racist, I can do it!. Yeah I believe it was Jay Park who once said JYP would hit trainees that didnt dance well enough since 2PM was supposed to be a dance group. Power your marketing strategy with perfectly branded videos to drive better ROI. Disclaimer: I'm not hating in JYP in anyway I'm just expressing my opinion towards JYP about how he isn't really the best company or an idol. In the Black arts movement in the late 1960s, there was an attempt by BIPOC artists to say, Were going to create our own art where we can represent ourselves fully. That helped kill Blackface minstrelsy. This laughter-inducing negrito created a vehicle for Rivero's political critiques of US imperialism and humanitarianism. I think it had the same ethos of We are post racial and racist.. The company's values, the mindset of their leadership, their attitude . Watching people on twitter just now discovering this has been hilarious. Hyuna was 15 and definitly marketed as the "sexy" member. Predictable official . Our hearts had joined and so we were together You must log in or register to reply here. We have placed cookies on your device to help make this website better. JYP learned a lot in the US like u said (but it was like10 year afteryour video) and i'm sure he would never do that again in today context. thank you for sharing, Fan of roughly 10 years here. The backup dancers have blackface makeup. He wrote that coming of age ceremony song, I had completely forgotten about the blackface thing. I had to write something that people could hand to their teachers, their friends, their colleagues, students, to say Heres why this is problematic. Why dont Black and brown kids think that they should put white face on when theyre doing Halloween costumes? Purple Panda. People are not just angry with the character's blackface they have also called out the entire outfit. I sorta discovered that when jyp released his MV still alive. <3 love you all!!! WASHINGTON (AP) A racist photo from a 1984 yearbook threatens to end Virginia Gov. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. In fact, the Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation in the South took their name from a character played by blackface performer Thomas Dartmouth Rice. Blackface in Korea in the 90s was a non issue and not perceived as offensive but like just a cosplay in the same way Katy Perry cosplaying a gaisha or Beyonce cosplaying indians (and so on and so on). from JYP (the company) hid this really well no one I know has ever talked about this. Ive always gotten and unsettled vibe from him tbb, haha i seriously don't get why you got downvoted because this is so true. The onus cant be on people of color to carry this history forward. You know how in the beginning of alcohol free there's that "jyp" whisper? Thompson recently discussed her new book with Variety, on a topic she finds increasingly relevant for creators and executives in show business who may lack deeper context around this issue. Every time I see a video of him, all the comments are super mean and hateful, so I started to wonder. He didnt feel this was something we shared collectively. Recently, A Pink's Bomi was under fire for imitating a Korean cartoon character named Michol from a Korean children's television program named 'Dooly.'. In 1848, after watching a blackface act, abolitionist Fredrick Douglass called the performers the filthy scum of white society in The North Star newspaper. Contact him at jholland@ap.org, www.twitter.com/jessejholland and www.facebook.com/jessejholland . All I've ever known is his general comments towards female idols or the songs he writes for them, but like aside from that this is probably the worst thing he's ever done. Blackface minstrelsy is considered by some to be the first uniquely American form of entertainment. Ralph Northams political career. A dance performance opening China's biggest Lunar New Year gala show has sparked debate and criticism online for putting blackface onstage once again. I think it had the same ethos of We are post racial and racist., Lets talk about all of the comedians: Jimmy Fallon doing Chris Rock on SNL, Jimmy Kimmel doing Oprah Winfrey and Carl Malone on The Man Show, Sarah Silverman doing a whole Blackface routine on The Sarah Silverman Program, four episodes of 30 Rock, and five years of Fred Armisen as Obama on SNL. Same overbearing presence and allegedly molested a bunch of them too. It was only after his fame reached international proportions that he was allowed to tour with an all-white minstrel troupe and to perform without blackface. In the past seven days, however, at least three headlines directly or indirectly involved the damaging tradition have run from the aesthetics of the Kardashian-Jenner family, to the astonishing rebound of Virginia Governor Ralph Northam, to the crisis team helping fashion label Prada recover from scandal. Knowing his wickedness I doubt if the cafeteria he speaks about so proudly is even an inch organic. Also after finding out about the whole blackface thing he did and his treatment of got7, he just dont sit right with me, 1- This was straight up wrong. They could all come to the collective decision that Blackface is a public harm and we can play a role in stopping it. The employee stated: "A company with poor and unstable foundation. I am truly sorry about this misunderstanding. By Aisha Harris Aisha Harris is a culture writer and the co-host of the NPR podcast "Pop Culture Happy Hour.". It is you who has problem, you deny their natural beauty. If you think an opinion is unpopular that not many will agree with then upvote it. ", What the actual fuck SBS & People Looking For A Laugh!?!?! Many people do one month fasts for religious reasons, eating nothing at all and only drinking water. Jesse J. Holland covers race and ethnicity for The Associated Press in Washington, D.C. twice arent overworked anymore, now that they have itzy to redirect resources onto, and stray kids arent overworked, they just have a lot of self written material that they //want// to release and promote. CONTROVERIAL FROM THE START Blackface performances were condemned as offensive from the beginning. They recognized that that was a harm, something actively harming the public because it was creating perceptions of smoking as either sexy or something you do when you need self care. Truly sad, 5- Again this one doesnt make sense. Someone mentioned TVXQ was under SM so thank you whoever that was. He's cleared my cystic acne and I've lost 500 pounds. 2023 Variety Media, LLC. It would be nice if there was someone to say, We should talk about this. Perhaps the Academy could sponsor a book club or something. - Mnet K-POP: http://bit.ly/Subscribe-Mnet-KPOP-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mnet(Music Network) is an official KPOP music television in South Korea owned by CJ Group.CJ E\u0026M.