list of dictatorship countries list of dictatorship countries

He arose to power in Italy in 1922, following the so-called 'March on Rome', in which his . [3] Elites must also compete to wield more power than one another, but the amount of power held by elites also depends on their unity. In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. As the Cold War went on, the Soviet Union increased its influence in Africa, and MarxistLeninist dictatorships developed in several African countries. Mao established the People's Republic of China as a one-party communist state under his governing ideology of Maoism. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. The group may be military or political, it may be organized or disorganized, and it may disproportionately represent a certain demographic. Political participation: 2.22. The country is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. Venezuela has a presidential government. Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. "Tyrants, the World's 20 Worst Living Dictators", by David Wallechinsky, ranked Biya together with three others mainly in sub-Saharan Africa: Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, and King Mswati of Swaziland. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. The deadliest dictatorships are discussed below. [98], During World War II, many countries of Central and Eastern Europe had been occupied by the Soviet Union. Many others developed following a period of warlordism. Nigeria - 1966 to 1975 - Yakubu Gowon. [78], At the same time, nationalist movements grew throughout Europe. The fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy , from 1943 to 1945. He was a German legislator, organizer of Nazi party and furthermore filled in as Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945. Typically, dictators rise to power when a nation faces significant social issues, such as strong economic crises or unrest among the nation's people. A semi-presidential (mixed) democracy has a government that needs the majority of support from a legislature to exist and whose head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. Obiang's regime is known for state-sanctioned kidnappings, torture of prisoners, and unlawful killings. Dictators are incentivized to avoid the use of violence once a reputation of violence is established, as it damages the dictatorship's other institutions and poses a threat to the dictator's rule should government forces become disloyal. Below are the world's most authoritarian regimes: 21. During the first half of the 20th century, dictatorships took control of a number of technologically advanced countries. [citation needed]The typical military dictatorship in Latin America was ruled by a junta (derived from a Spanish word . Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. [73] During World War II, Italy and Germany occupied several countries in Europe, imposing fascist puppet states upon many of the countries that they invaded. [2] The inner circle's support is necessary for a dictator's orders to be carried out, causing elites to serve as a check on the dictator's power. Adolf Hitler - 1889-1945. [149] Military and one-party dictatorships are more likely to experience terrorism than personalist dictatorships, as these regimes are under more pressure to undergo institutional change in response to terrorism.[150]. Nazi and fascist regimes in Europe, Communist single-party states, military juntas in Latin America and . There's no room for opposition or . Coercive distribution comprises of distributing welfare and state resources to control citizens and elites. Poverty alleviation in these 10 dictatorship countries is in some cases associated with human rights abuses, violent crackdowns on the political opposition and indigenous people. [32], One-party dictatorships became prominent in Asia and Eastern Europe during the Cold War as communist governments were installed in several countries. The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Samantha Menzies 22 February 2016, 7:39 pm The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Capitalism is thriving in many parts of the world, with the list. Epidemic of First World War After the first world war, countries got disturbed to conduct democratic governments and managements. [1] [9], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. Examples might include King Cyrus the Great of Persia, who is thought to have created the first declaration of human rights, the Biblical King Solomon, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kwan Yue. [8]:454 The government composes the chief executive and the heads of the executive departments. Monarchies may be dynastic, in which the royal family serves as a ruling institution similar to a political party in a one-party state, or they may be non-dynastic, in which the monarch rules independently of the royal family as a personalist dictator. United Arab Emirates 2.69/10. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. Imelda Marcos. He was also ranked 19th in Parade Magazine's Top 20 list of "The World's Worst Dictators". [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. Click to visit dictatorship | Definition, Characteristics, Countries The phrase "fixed term" indicates the once the head of state is chosen, they serve a known and a limited number of years before another election is held, and they cannot be removed from the office in the meantime via a vote of no confidence. This type of vote is termed a constructive vote of no confidence. Functioning of government: 3.57. [28] Due to the structure of their leadership, one-party dictatorships are significantly less likely to face civil conflict, insurgency, or terrorism than other forms of dictatorship. Nations with a legacy of military dictatorship (s) In Africa Algeria (1965-1994) Burkina Faso (1966-1991) Burundi (1966-1993) Central African Republic (1966-1993) Chad (1975-1991) Congo-Brazzaville (1968-1992) Equatorial Guinea (1968-1982) Ethiopia (1974-1991) Gambia, The (1994-1997) Guinea (1984-1991) Ghana (1966-1969; 1972-1979; 1981-1993) Here are fifteen of the worst dictators from the 20 th century and what makes them stand out for censure. [72] The societal upheaval caused by World War I and the unstable peace it produced further contributed to instability that benefited extremist movements and rallied support for their causes. The dictator is the absolute ruler. Cinhil Aymeric Nygel Haldane, 22nd king of Gwynedd who shortly reigned in 1025. [25], One-party dictatorships are governments in which a single political party dominates politics. Therefore, the entire country operates on the whims of that one person. The . But by 1995, all the countries in the region, with the notable . Despite repeated promises to leave office in 2024 (when his term limit is reached), Putin spearheaded a 2020 constitutional amendment enabling him to remain in power until 2036. Charles Taylor Country: Liberia Charles McArthur Ghanakay Taylor's life story is akin to that of a movie. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. Kim Jong-Il (1.6 million deaths) Kim Jong-il in 2010. Today, there are only five communist states, some of which are struggling to hold on to communism. Mao consolidated his control of the People's Republic of China with the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, which involved the destruction of all elements of capitalism and traditionalism in China. [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. Is North Korea a dictatorship? ", "The Cromwellian Protectorate: A Military Dictatorship? Many countries today are still under a dictatorship, including: Cambodia China North Korea Russia And many more! Elites are also the primary political threats of a dictator, as they can leverage their power to influence or overthrow the dictatorship. Allowing the opposition to have representation in the regime, such as through a legislature, further reduces the likelihood of terrorist attacks in a dictatorship. Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. Political culture: 5.00. Laos (since 1975) Military dictatorship: 2. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. People who are for dictatorship say it provides for a more stable government, helps abolish corruption, and is more efficient in emergencies. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. 1. Latin America's new generation of dictators. Personalist dictatorships are more common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to less established institutions in the region. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). To enact policy, a dictator must either appease the regime's elites or attempt to replace them. The military takes control of the country (usually through a direct coup), installs the dictator of its choosing (typically the highest-ranking military officer), and uses force of arms to preserve its power. Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that have a combination of these classifications. The dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain , from 1939 to 1975. [8]:456. Single-party dictatorships: 5. - Quora Answer (1 of 66): I will give the country names as well as who the dictator is. Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. [8]:456, The second distinction made is whether the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. [11], A dictatorship is formed when a specific group seizes power, with the composition of this group affecting how power is seized and how the eventual dictatorship will rule. Democracy is broadly understood to mean 'rule by the people'. [80] Italian dictator Benito Mussolini seized power in 1922, and began implementing reforms in 1925 to create the first fascist dictatorship. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. He all but eradicated corruption. [138] A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years. Some of the principal drivers of indoctrination are mass education policies, propaganda, and censorship. [115], The Middle East and Northern Africa did not undergo liberalization during the third wave of democratisation, and most countries in this region remain dictatorships in the 21st century. Whether or not Putin is a dictator is a matter of some debate. These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. Adolf Hitler known for his Nazi party and the barbarities and fierceness during his autocracy rule. The leaders of dictatorships are not outwardly identified as dictators when other people are addressing them. One of the reasons for this is the fact that the military often has more cohesion and institutional structure than most of the civilian institutions of society. [4] A unified inner circle has the capacity to overthrow a dictator, and the dictator must make greater concessions to the inner circle to stay in power. The People's Republic of China is currently ruled by President Xi Jinping, who also serves as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, the country's Vice President, the President of the Central Party School, and the 1st ranked member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee. (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. These individuals form an inner circle, making up a class of elites that hold a degree of power within the dictatorship and receive benefits in exchange for their support. His economic plans have been praised by leaders like Kemal Pasha. An appropriate example of this occurred in 2020 when Russian president Vladimir Putin and his party introduced amendments to the country's constitution that reworked term limits, enabling Putin to remain in power until 2036. Elections allow a dictatorship to exercise some control over the opposition by setting the terms under which the opposition challenges the regime. 1. In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. Monarchies: 3. The economic focus of a dictatorship often depends on the strength of the opposition, as a weaker opposition allows a dictator to extract additional wealth from the economy through corruption.[125]. [146], In a dictatorship, violence is used to coerce or repress all opposition to the dictator's rule, and the strength of a dictatorship depends on its use of violence. There must be more than one party competing in the elections. In military dictatorships, it is the military that exerts complete or substantial control over the government rather than a political clique. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images. African Dictators This means that the ruler or party has complete control. Mussolini abolished democracy in Italy in 1922 and became a dictator. [129], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. Africa has several long-standing dictators despite the fact that the continent as a whole is quite volatile politically. Too Much Power. Dictatorships that fail to repress the opposition are susceptible to collapse through a coup or a revolution. The first distinction made is whether a country has a government has legislative responsibility, i.e. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. Dictatorships are authoritarian or totalitarian and can be classified as military dictatorships, one-party dictatorships, personalist dictatorships, or absolute monarchies. After the recent death of Idriss Deby in April 2021, his son Mahamat Deby took over. Right now, 74% families are homeowners. On a similar note, a dictatorship's regular citizens have no voice in most matters. Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin were the leading examples of such modern totalitarian . [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations. The DD dataset covers the annual data points of 199 countries from 1946 (or date of independence) to 2008. The DD index first classifies the regimes into two types: democracies and dictatorships. [50] Monarchies allow for strict rules of succession that produce a peaceful transfer of power on the monarch's death, but this can also result in succession disputes if multiple members of the royal family claim a right to succeed. Communist dictatorships in the region aligned with China following the latter's establishment as a communist state. This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. If the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term then, the democracy is mixed or semi-presidential. A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. Indeed, the 20th century, which witnessed the careers of Atatrk, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Francisco Franco, Mao Tse-tung, Juan Pern, Tito, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sukarno, Kwame Nkrumah, and Charles de Gaulle, could appear in history as the age of plebiscitary dictatorship. Even in today's modern world, where freedom is prized and respected, you will still find examples of dictatorship governments around the globe. In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. The theories about society, capital and labor got turned into a dictatorship, genocide, and poverty. There are currently 22 dictators in Africa, some worse than others. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. In fact, most dictators adopt common appellations such as "President" or "Prime Minister", so they must be identified via their actions and policies rather than their title. * Venezuela - Nicolas Maduro * Mauritania - Mohamed Ould Abdulaziz * Algeria - Abdelaziz Bouteflika * Tunisia - Beji Caid Essebesi * Chad - Idriss Deby * Sudan - Omar al-Bashir * Cameroon - Paul Biy. [8]:465 Some countries, such as Greece and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of state chooses as head of government. [126]This tactic involves policies on land reform, poverty alleviation, public health, housing, education, and employment programs that force citizens to be dependent on the state for relatively adequate living standards. China - Communist Regime 4. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Countries with Dictatorships in the Modern World As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. Brion Donal Cinhil Urien Haldane, 25th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1095 to 1120. If it is not responsible, it is a presidential democracy. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. 10. While Latin America, Asia, and Africa were already dictatorship countries, they differed from the dictatorships formed in what became known as the Eastern Bloc. Also, dictatorships . [107] The development of the internet and digital communication in the 21st century have prompted dictatorships to shift from traditional means of control to digital ones, including the use of artificial intelligence to analyze mass communications, internet censorship to restrict the flow of information, and troll farms to manipulate public opinion. Therefore, it is impossible to know if the regime is a democracy or a dictatorship, so DD Index considers them dictatorships until an alternation in power occurs. The leader may be supported by a party or military, but still retains the overwhelming majority of power, especially regarding whom to place in which governmental roles, and relies heavily upon their own charisma to maintain control. Answer (1 of 9): Depends on what you mean by left-wing. [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. [87], The decolonisation of Africa prompted the creation of new governments, many of which became dictatorships in the 1960s and 1970s. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. ], Based on the regime binary classification idea proposed by Alvarez in 1996,[5] and the Democracy and Development (or DD measure, ACLP dataset) proposed by Przeworski et al. The Freedom in the World report evaluates the state of freedom in 195 countries and 14 territories, assigning a score between 0 and 4 in a series of 25 indicators to give a final score of 100. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. The Soviet economy became unsustainable, and communist governments lost the support of intellectuals. For democracies, it categorizes them into three types: parliamentary, semi-presidential and presidential democracies. Most caudillos came from a military background, and their rule was typically associated with pageantry and glamor. Power is enforced through a steadfast collaboration between the government and a highly developed ideology. Myanmar has been thrown into the darkness of the military dictatorship once again as this morning, the military junta arrested "The daughter of democracy" Aung San Suu Kyi and reinstated the military rule. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. [119][120][121][122], Most dictatorships exist in countries with high levels of poverty. W; Alphabetical list of countries; Alphabetical list of countries. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. [27], One-party dictatorships are more stable than other forms of authoritarian rule, as they are less susceptible to insurgency and see higher economic growth. Cuba - Dictatorship 5. [17] Between 1946 and 2010, 42% of dictatorships began by overthrowing a different dictatorship, and 26% began after achieving independence from a foreign government. Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. 1. The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. Many dictatorships are also characterized by corruption, nepotism, and a cult of personality around the leader. Freedom House, the Polity data series, and the Democracy-Dictatorship Index are three of the most used data series by political scientists. 2. [73], Dictatorships in Latin America persisted into the 20th century, and further military coups established new regimes, often in the name of nationalism. Although it is true that some dictators are far more strict and overbearing than others, as a rule, dictatorships tend to result in a loss of personal autonomy, quality of life, and political choice for everyday citizens. The expected result is to coerce citizens into complying with the dictatorships demands in order to benefit from the state-controlled resources. Marxist one-party states are sometimes distinguished from other one-party states, but they function similarly. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. They are more likely to end in violence and less likely to democratize than other forms of dictatorship. Uganda. [147] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. In addition to executive authority, Putin also holds judicial and legislative power, which enables him to change the law to fit his agenda. Uganda - 1971 to 1979 - Idi Amin Dada. Latin America experienced a dramatic political change in the last quarter of the twentieth century. Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. Several dictatorships have persisted into the 21st century, particularly in Africa and Asia. People living under a dictatorship are often persecuted for unethical reasons, including their religion, sexual orientation, or economic status. When the war ended, these countries were incorporated into the Soviet sphere of influence, and the Soviet Union exercised control over their governments. As you can see, fascism was at its highest popularity during the 1930's. 1. He took control of the nation in 1973 after leading a coup that deposed elected leftist leader Salvador Allende. Dictatorships have arisen throughout history, usually in times of crisis. This article focuses on the five communist countries that are still adherent to Marxism-Leninism. [102] The stability of the Soviet Union weakened in the 1980s. Donal Blaine Aidan Cinhil Haldane, 24th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1074 to 1095. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war.