Additionally, the complex textual history of the Annales Cambriae precludes any certainty that the Arthurian annals were added to it even that early. Marcella Chelotti, Vincenza Morizio, Marina Silvestrini, Wilhelm Schulze, "Zur Geschichte lateinischer Eigennamen" (Volume 5, Issue 2 of, Online translations of this poem are out-dated and inaccurate. New York: Simon and Schuster. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and modern . [119] Tennyson had reworked the romance tales of Arthur to suit and comment upon the issues of his day, and the same is often the case with modern treatments too. Up to 10 metres square, some of these enclosures also appear to have been protected by fences or palisades. [130] However, Arthur's diffusion within modern culture goes beyond such obviously Arthurian endeavours, with Arthurian names being regularly attached to objects, buildings, and places. One school of thought, citing entries in the Historia Brittonum (History of the Britons) and Annales Cambriae (Welsh Annals), saw Arthur as a genuine historical figure, a Romano-British leader who fought against the invading Anglo-Saxons some time in the late 5th to early 6th century. For other uses, see, Modern scholarship views the Glastonbury cross as the result of a probably late-12th-century fraud. Want to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? In the 21st century, the legend continues to have prominence, not only in literature but also in adaptations for theatre, film, television, comics and other media. The Legend of King Arthur was made popular by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his History of the Kings of Britain . About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . 9. The graves were found over many decades but, in most cases, archaeologists and historians had not, until Professor Darks newly-published research, realised their probable royal status. King Arthur and Her Knights: Enthroned by K.M. King Arthur: Knight's Tale is the dark fantasy XCOM-alike I wrote about in October, made by Van Helsing developer NeoCore Games. As investigations continue, it may also shed crucial new light on the currently often poorly understood political geography of post-Roman Britain. [57] While it is not clear from the Historia Brittonum and the Annales Cambriae that Arthur was even considered a king, by the time Culhwch and Olwen and the Triads were written he had become Penteyrnedd yr Ynys hon, "Chief of the Lords of this Island", the overlord of Wales, Cornwall and the North. [15] He is absent from Bede's early-8th-century Ecclesiastical History of the English People, another major early source for post-Roman history that mentions Badon. The Worthies were first listed in Jacques de Longuyon's Voeux du Paon in 1312, and subsequently became a common subject in literature and art. Other stories based on the Arthurian Legend include Mabinogion and poems by the Pearl Poet. While walking in the . The following are real places which are clearly identifiable in historical texts and which are mentioned in Arthurian legend and romance as being places used by Arthur to hold court. [105] Pre-eminent among these was Alfred Tennyson, whose first Arthurian poem "The Lady of Shalott" was published in 1832. The most significant of these 13th-century prose romances was the Vulgate Cycle (also known as the Lancelot-Grail Cycle), a series of five Middle French prose works written in the first half of that century. The Annales date this battle to 516518, and also mention the Battle of Camlann, in which Arthur and Medraut (Mordred) were both killed, dated to 537539. In particular, Arthur features in a number of well-known vitae ("Lives") of post-Roman saints, none of which are now generally considered to be reliable historical sources (the earliest probably dates from the 11th century). "[70] Geoffrey makes the Welsh Medraut into the villainous Modredus, but there is no trace of such a negative character for this figure in Welsh sources until the 16th century. Not-So-Dark Ages Revealed at King Arthur Site. 3545. The earliest literary references to Arthur come from Welsh and Breton sources. Arthur was the first born son of King Uther Pendragon and heir to the throne. The following is a list and assessment of sites and places associated with King Arthur and the Arthurian legend in general. Cave Fight - Bonus Track - Daniel Pemberton31. [55] This takes the form of a dialogue between Arthur and the gatekeeper of a fortress he wishes to enter, in which Arthur recounts the names and deeds of himself and his men, notably Cei (Kay) and Bedwyr (Bedivere). The King Arthur legends, and whether such a character ever actually existed, has long been the subject of speculation by scholars. A new code of ethics for 19th-century gentlemen was shaped around the chivalric ideals embodied in the "Arthur of romance". [125], Retellings and reimaginings of the romance tradition are not the only important aspect of the modern legend of King Arthur. (screenplay by) David Dobkin. Featured releases include the soundtracks for Aquaman, The Hobbit, Game of Thrones, Crazy Rich Asians, King Arthur, Justice League, Game of Thrones and Westworld.King Arthur Official Soundtrack | The Darklands - Daniel Pemberton | WaterTowerhttps://youtu.be/WkNYkwMbl0U In the early 19th century, medievalism, Romanticism, and the Gothic Revival reawakened interest in Arthur and the medieval romances. It is an incredibly extensive realm, one can wander inside for weeks if you are not familiar with the environment. [7], Archaeological evidence, in the Low Countries and what was to become England, shows early Anglo-Saxon migration to Great Britain reversed between 500 and 550, which concurs with Frankish chronicles. ), also known as the Black Knight ( Kuro no kishi? The Answer. However these were very troubled times and Merlin, a wise magician, advised that the baby Arthur should be raised in a secret place and that none should know his true identity. David, Brian, Review of Nicholas J. Higham. Given the lack of concrete historical knowledge about one of the most potent figures in British mythology, it is unlikely that any definitive conclusions about the claims for these places will ever be established; nevertheless it is both interesting and important to try to evaluate the body of evidence which does exist and examine it critically. The 12th-century French writer Chrtien de Troyes, who added Lancelot and the Holy Grail to the story, began the genre of Arthurian romance that became a significant strand of medieval literature. While Arthur stands at the threshold of Mirkwood, he receives news of Mordred's treachery. Malory says that Excalibur means "cut-steel." Britannica Quiz A Quick Quiz on Arthurian Legend The following is a list and assessment of sites and places associated with King Arthur and the Arthurian legend in general. The historical basis for King Arthur has been long debated by scholars. The Devil \u0026 The Daughter - Bonus Track - Daniel PembertonAbout King Arthur: Legend of the Sword:Acclaimed filmmaker Guy Ritchie brings his dynamic style to the epic fantasy action adventure King Arthur: Legend of the Sword. The Ballad of Londinium - Bonus Track - Daniel Pemberton28. Wednesday, Dec. 28, 2022 at 10 p.m. on KPBS TV + Sunday, Jan. 1, 2023 at 10 p.m. and Thursday, Jan. 5 at 8 p.m. on KPBS 2 / PBS Video app. In legend, Arthur was the high king of the Britons who united them and drove the invading tribes of Saxons, Angles, and Picts from their shores. 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A rare image of a mounted high status (potentially royal) dark age warrior, portrayed on a sculpture from Aberlemno, Scotland. Uncover new archaeological evidence at Tintagel that . [2][34], The origin of the Welsh name "Arthur" remains a matter of debate. Book 21 Chapters 1-3. tom kenny rick and morty characters. Sites and places have been identified as "Arthurian" since the 12th century,[22] but archaeology can confidently reveal names only through inscriptions found in secure contexts. [116] The romance tradition did, however, remain sufficiently powerful to persuade Thomas Hardy, Laurence Binyon and John Masefield to compose Arthurian plays,[117] and T. S. Eliot alludes to the Arthur myth (but not Arthur) in his poem The Waste Land, which mentions the Fisher King. King Arthur: Destiny of the Sword - Daniel Pemberton23. The earliest association with Arthur of many of the places listed is often surprisingly recent, with most southern sites' association based on nothing more than the toponymic speculations of recent authors with a local prejudice to promote. Answer (1 of 16): There probably was no King Arthur, but the original stories were set in the Early Medieval period, what used to be called the Dark Ages. King Arthur ( s-? [95] These works were the Estoire del Saint Grail, the Estoire de Merlin, the Lancelot propre (or Prose Lancelot, which made up half the entire Vulgate Cycle on its own), the Queste del Saint Graal and the Mort Artu, which combine to form the first coherent version of the entire Arthurian legend. [38] Linguist Stephan Zimmer suggests Artorius possibly had a Celtic origin, being a Latinization of a hypothetical name *Artorjos, in turn derived from an older patronym *Arto-rg-ios, meaning "son of the bear/warrior-king". Arthurian legends are primarily rooted in the mythology of Wales, but Arthur also appears in Irish folklore and literature. The Dark Tower series tells the story of Roland Deschain, Mid-World's last gunslinger, who is traveling southeast across Mid-World's post-apocalyptic landscape, searching for the powerful but elusive magical edifice known as The Dark Tower. The Badon entry probably derived from the Historia Brittonum. Various places have been identified as the location of Camelot, including many of those listed above. One of the most famous scenes in that film is when Westley and Buttercup enter the fire swamp and are attacked by the Rodents of Unusual Size (R.O.U.S.s). They are unique in that most of them have rectangular or square ditched enclosures around them and many appear also to have had entry gates and access causeways, as well as timber posts and stone-lined pits (perhaps for commemorative libations) within the enclosures. However, as research continues, it may ultimately be possible to date the graves more precisely or to determine whether their occupants were over-kings or sub-kings or princes or princesses. The core myths of the Celtic peoples centre on the great cycle of stories based on the life and exploits of King Arthur. One stanza praises the bravery of a warrior who slew 300 enemies, but says that despite this, "he was no Arthur" that is, his feats cannot compare to the valour of Arthur. [48] Y Gododdin is known only from a 13th-century manuscript, so it is impossible to determine whether this passage is original or a later interpolation, but John Koch's view that the passage dates from a 7th-century or earlier version is regarded as unproven; 9th- or 10th-century dates are often proposed for it. King Arthur: Legend of the Sword - Daniel Pemberton3. A recent discovery in southwest England . Cadoc delivers them as demanded, but when Arthur takes possession of the animals, they turn into bundles of ferns. Recent Reviews: Very Positive (87) All Reviews: Very Positive (4,212) Release Date: Apr 26, 2022 Developer: NeocoreGames Publisher: NeocoreGames Ladies watching the melee in a chivalric tournament, from the Codex Manesse. lakers celebrity seating chart 2019 . [100] Social changes associated with the end of the medieval period and the Renaissance also conspired to rob the character of Arthur and his associated legend of some of their power to enthrall audiences, with the result that 1634 saw the last printing of Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur for nearly 200 years. [59] According to the Life of Saint Gildas, written in the early 12th century by Caradoc of Llancarfan, Arthur is said to have killed Gildas's brother Hueil and to have rescued his wife Gwenhwyfar from Glastonbury. The old notion that some of these Welsh versions actually underlie Geoffrey's Historia, advanced by antiquarians such as the 18th-century Lewis Morris, has long since been discounted in academic circles. Tolkien, author of The Lord of the Rings trilogy, also offered his own take on the magical tale of King Arthur. The era was after the Romans left in 410 AD, so 5th- and 6th-century England. He is a being from the world of Camelot and was a magical illusion created by Merlin for the purpose of becoming a benevolent ruler over England. [121] In John Cowper Powys's Porius: A Romance of the Dark Ages (1951), set in Wales in 499, just prior to the Saxon invasion, Arthur, the Emperor of Britain, is only a minor character, whereas Myrddin (Merlin) and Nineue, Tennyson's Vivien, are major figures. Arthurian literature thrived during the Middle Ages but waned in the centuries that followed, until it experienced a major resurgence in the 19th century. So, sadly, while that is an undeniably epic image of the legendary king, it almost certainly has absolutely nothing to do with an historical King Arthur. Morte D'Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory is generally accepted as a cornerstone text for Arthurian Legend. The newly published research suggests that they are royal final resting places because they have very unusual designs that are quite different and clearly much more high status than the thousands of other dark age British graves. This renewed interest first made itself felt in 1816, when Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur was reprinted for the first time since 1634. [128], Arthur has also been used as a model for modern-day behaviour. Damsels in distress. Recent studies, however, question the reliability of the Historia Brittonum. Cursed. (screenplay by) and Guy Ritchie . My raiment was of silks and velvets and cloth of gold, and by consequence was very showy, also uncomfortable. Uther was helplessly in love with the Duchess, but she was married to Duke Gorlois. These details have often been used to bolster confidence in the Historia's account and to confirm that Arthur really did fight at Badon. Darkness: In what will later become known as the Dark Ages, Britain is about to enter the era of warring kings and barons, persecution of scholars, and end to freedom of trade. Attempts to portray Arthur as a genuine historical figure of c.500, stripping away the "romance", have also emerged. [41], An alternative theory, which has gained only limited acceptance among professional scholars, derives the name Arthur from Arcturus, the brightest star in the constellation Botes, near Ursa Major or the Great Bear. [62] Also important are the references to Arthur in William of Malmesbury's De Gestis Regum Anglorum and Herman's De Miraculis Sanctae Mariae Laudunensis, which together provide the first certain evidence for a belief that Arthur was not actually dead and would at some point return, a theme that is often revisited in post-Galfridian folklore. See, Bourgs, Andr-Yves, "Guillaume le Breton et l'hagiographie bretonne aux XIIe et XIIIe sicles", in: Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest, 1995, 1021, pp. The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of Geoffrey of Monmouth's fanciful and imaginative 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain). He is portrayed by Liam Garrigan and Webb Hayes. [60] In the Life of Saint Cadoc, written around 1100 or a little before by Lifris of Llancarfan, the saint gives protection to a man who killed three of Arthur's soldiers, and Arthur demands a herd of cattle as wergeld for his men. [122] Myrddin's disappearance at the end of the novel is "in the tradition of magical hibernation when the king or mage leaves his people for some island or cave to return either at a more propitious or more dangerous time" (see King Arthur's messianic return). Luxury goods unearthed at royal stronghold show that Celtic rulers thrived at the legendary site of Tintagel. Room for 1,000. The romance tradition of Arthur is particularly evident and in critically respected films like Robert Bresson's Lancelot du Lac (1974), ric Rohmer's Perceval le Gallois (1978) and John Boorman's Excalibur (1981); it is also the main source of the material used in the Arthurian spoof Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975). Not only does he have the same name as the king of legend, but he also has a round table filled with kindred souls. The Legend of Excalibur - Daniel Pemberton8. He hands the crown to his kinsman Constantine and is taken to the isle of Avalon to be healed of his wounds, never to be seen again. It is not known if there was a real Arthur, though it is believed he. They cite parallels with figures such as the Kentish Hengist and Horsa, who may be totemic horse-gods that later became historicised. King Arthur: The Coronation - Daniel Pemberton26. The familiar literary persona of Arthur began with Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudo-historical Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain), written in the 1130s. [106] Arthur himself played a minor role in some of these works, following in the medieval romance tradition. Riot \u0026 Flames - Bonus Track - Daniel Pemberton29. The Darklands consists of a series of maze-like tunnels and caves and-true to their name, are perpetually dark. These include Late-Roman amphorae, fragments of fine glass, and a rim of Phocaean red-slip ware - the first shard of fine tableware ever discovered on the south side of the island. [83] Nonetheless, as Norris J. The so-called "Arthur stone", discovered in 1998 among the ruins at Tintagel Castle in Cornwall in securely dated 6th-century contexts, created a brief stir but proved irrelevant. However, a lot of the stories were written much later in France,. With Clive Owen, Ioan Gruffudd, Mads Mikkelsen, Joel Edgerton. The legends of King Arthur. While Tom maintained his small stature and remained a figure of comic relief, his story now included more elements from the medieval Arthurian romances and Arthur is treated more seriously and historically in these new versions. [45] The second is that the pre-Galfridian Arthur was a figure of folklore (particularly topographic or onomastic folklore) and localised magical wonder-tales, the leader of a band of superhuman heroes who live in the wilds of the landscape. Elizabeth Stewart's Guinevere Jones (2002) One of Chris Hemsworth's first roles on Australian TV was in this kid-friendly fantasy series, about a Canadian teenager who has a tough time after . The Wolf \u0026 The Hanged Men - Daniel Pemberton18. Malory based his bookoriginally titled The Whole Book of King Arthur and of His Noble Knights of the Round Tableon the various previous romance versions, in particular the Vulgate Cycle, and appears to have aimed at creating a comprehensive and authoritative collection of Arthurian stories. 31,636 views Aug 12, 2017 281 Dislike Share Save The Best Movie Clip 37 subscribers 2017 Movie Clip - The Darklands Scene - King Arthur Legend of the Sword 2017 Movie Clip - The Darklands Scene. Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in, Discovery will shed fresh light on the era associated with the legend of King Arthur, Find your bookmarks in your Independent Premium section, under my profile, The work is shedding fresh light on the era associated with the legend of King Arthur whose death is portrayed here in a 19th-century painting by the artist, John Garrick. [88] Chrtien was thus "instrumental both in the elaboration of the Arthurian legend and in the establishment of the ideal form for the diffusion of that legend",[89] and much of what came after him in terms of the portrayal of Arthur and his world built upon the foundations he had laid. J.R.R. C. A. Coates, Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Sites and places have been identified as "Arthurian", A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, "King Arthur 'was real, wasn't a king and lived in Strathclyde', "537 and Camlann (Flint Johnson, University of Wisconsin - River Falls)", "Academia up in arms over King Arthur's Glasgow roots", Bibliothque nationale de France [French National Library], "The Historicity and Historicisation of Arthur", "Early Medieval Tintagel: An Interview with Archaeologists Rachel Harry and Kevin Brady", "The Egyptian Maid, or, The Romance of the Water-Lily", "Arthuriana: Studies in Early Medieval History and Legend", Arthuriana: The Journal of Arthurian Studies, published by Scriptorium Press for Purdue University, US, "John Dee, King Arthur, and the Conquest of the Arctic", The Camelot Project, The University of Rochester, The Heroic Age: A Journal of Early Medieval Northwestern Europe, Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain, Locations associated with Arthurian legend, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=King_Arthur&oldid=1140539848, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Cornish-language text, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 20 February 2023, at 15:04. Located in the fey region of End-World, amid a sea of singing red roses, the Dark Tower is the nexus . As . The King Arthur Martin Kingdom is a legendary British leader of the late 5th and early 6th centuries, who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century. Over a thousand years after the demise of the Great Old Ones Arthur is purported to have carried his sword Excalibur out of a Kashamin Pyramid where he had been entombed, a . [65] He incorporates Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, his magician advisor Merlin, and the story of Arthur's conception, in which Uther, disguised as his enemy Gorlois by Merlin's magic, sleeps with Gorlois's wife Igerna (Igraine) at Tintagel, and she conceives Arthur. Seasoned Oak - Daniel Pemberton9. The Devil \u0026 The Huntsman - Sam Lee \u0026 Daniel Pemberton27. [68] Finally, Geoffrey borrowed many of the names for Arthur's possessions, close family, and companions from the pre-Galfridian Welsh tradition, including Kaius (Cei), Beduerus (Bedwyr), Guenhuuara (Gwenhwyfar), Uther (Uthyr) and perhaps also Caliburnus (Caledfwlch), the latter becoming Excalibur in subsequent Arthurian tales. ), is a character that appears in the Sonic the Hedgehog series. In the view of historian Thomas Charles-Edwards, "at this stage of the enquiry, one can only say that there may well have been an historical Arthur [but ] the historian can as yet say nothing of value about him". can retinol cause dark circles; 1245 centre parkway lexington, ky; jackpot junction bed bugs; waldenwoods membership for sale; autry museum of the american west american progress; . Some of these are human threats, such as the Saxons he fights in the Historia Brittonum, but the majority are supernatural, including giant cat-monsters, destructive divine boars, dragons, dogheads, giants, and witches. elettrotecnica appunti. The Vikings \u0026 The Barons - Daniel Pemberton10. what are the non legislative powers of congress. Shea (Image: K. M. Shea) The seven novellas in King Arthur and Her Knights follow Britt Arthur transported from the present to 6th century Britain. As Taylor and Brewer have noted, this return to the medieval "chronicle tradition" of Geoffrey of Monmouth and the Historia Brittonum is a recent trend which became dominant in Arthurian literature in the years following the outbreak of the Second World War, when Arthur's legendary resistance to Germanic enemies struck a chord in Britain. In both the earliest materials and Geoffrey he is a great and ferocious warrior, who laughs as he personally slaughters witches and giants and takes a leading role in all military campaigns,[81] whereas in the continental romances he becomes the roi fainant, the "do-nothing king", whose "inactivity and acquiescence constituted a central flaw in his otherwise ideal society". Most of them appear to date from the fifth and sixth centuries a time when Britain was a patchwork quilt of dozens of small kingdoms. But habit would soon reconcile me to my clothes; I was aware of that. In the romances, Arthur, like all medieval monarchs, moves around his kingdom. He first appears in two early medieval historical sources, the Annales Cambriae and the Historia Brittonum, but these date to 300 years after he is supposed to have lived, and most historians who study the period do not consider him a historical figure. His The Fall of Arthur is a book in verse about King Arthur's last campaign. The discovery is a major breakthrough in archaeologists and historians understanding of the nature of dark age society. Morris's Age of Arthur prompted the archaeologist Nowell Myres to observe that "no figure on the borderline of history and mythology has wasted more of the historian's time". The Store of Mordred - Daniel Pemberton6. The Welsh prose tale Culhwch and Olwen (c.1100), included in the modern Mabinogion collection, has a much longer list of more than 200 of Arthur's men, though Cei and Bedwyr again take a central place. He was a warrior, a knight and a king who killed giants, witches and monsters and led a . Arthur and Merlin: Knights of Camelot sees Arthur (Richard Short) and his men race home to prevent the evil Mordred from taking over Camelot castle, yet this classic story is somehow twisted beyond recognition in director Giles Anderson's hollow attempts at making a rugged and realistic period piece. [27], Several historical figures have been proposed as the basis for Arthur, ranging from Lucius Artorius Castus, a Roman officer who served in Britain in the 2nd or 3rd century,[28] to sub-Roman British rulers such as Riotamus,[29] Ambrosius Aurelianus,[30] Owain Ddantgwyn,[31] the Welsh king Enniaun Girt,[32] and Athrwys ap Meurig. [12], Partly in reaction to such theories, another school of thought emerged which argued that Arthur had no historical existence at all. The Darklands - Daniel Pemberton21. Well over 200 manuscript copies of Geoffrey's Latin work are known to have survived, as well as translations into other languages. "Arthur is not a problem," Catigern snapped violently. As Norris J. Geoffrey of Monmouth links him to the Saxon invasions of Britain, which are generally placed around that date; likewise despite the lack of clear references the Battle of Badon (or Badon Hill) is placed in the late 5th or early 6th century. [71] There have been relatively few modern attempts to challenge the notion that the Historia Regum Britanniae is primarily Geoffrey's own work, with scholarly opinion often echoing William of Newburgh's late-12th-century comment that Geoffrey "made up" his narrative, perhaps through an "inordinate love of lying". [101] King Arthur and the Arthurian legend were not entirely abandoned, but until the early 19th century the material was taken less seriously and was often used simply as a vehicle for allegories of 17th- and 18th-century politics. Gawaine's ghost tells Arthur to call off his war with Mordred, saying that if Arthur were to face Mordred in battle, Arthur would die. Arthurian Legend, centers around the life of the Legendary King Arthur. Countries and cultures still claim his as their own, as new theories point to the truth behind the. Battle of the City of the Legion (9th battle) Hypothesized sites for this battle include: Battle of Tribruit (the 10th battle), possibly the mouth of the, Battle of Agned (the 11th battle), probably near, The Arthur's cave, the Arthur's Castle and the Castle of Morgane in, Arthur's hill - the hill of Arthur's horse near, The lake of Viviane and Lancelot in Beaufort-en-Valle, near, This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 22:18. The fact of the matter is that there is no historical evidence about Arthur; we must reject him from our histories and, above all, from the titles of our books.
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